ADDITIONAL DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGE VI, KARACHI(CENTRAL) : 19-AUG-2026

S.NO. CASE NO NAME OF PARTIES ADVOCATES UNDER SECTIONS, ACTS FIR No. Hearing Status
Party Side 1 Party Side 2

CIVIL JURISDICTION

S.NO. CASE NO NAME OF PARTIES ADVOCATES Hearing Status
Party Side 1 Party Side 2
CIVIL JURISDICTION Compliance
1 C.Ex. (Civil Executions) 5/2018
Waqas Riaz S/o Riazuddin VS Badar-ul-Arifeen   Khalid Mehmood Khan Kayani(ADVO-11156-SBC-KHS)  

S.Ex Called. Advocate for D.H is present. None is present from J.D nor his advocate. Repeat NBW against the J/D. Put upto 21.09.2026 for further hearing/compliance.

2 S. Ex. (Summary Executions) 12/2024
Syed Taqi Abbas VS Ashir Ahmed   Syed Kashif Hussain(ADVO-15658-SBC-KHE),Syed Qasim Raza Kazmi(ADVO-1587-SBC-KHP),Ziaul Haque(ADVO-199-SBC-KHP)   Mareena(ADVO-17831-SBC-KHE),Muhammad Anees(ADVO-18894-SBC-KHS)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for D.H and J.D are present. Put upto 05.09.2026 for compliance.

3 S. Ex. (Summary Executions) 3/2025
Abdul Majeed VS Muhammad Shakir   Abdul Haleem (ADVO-20285-SBC-KHE)  

S. Ex called. Advocate for the D.H and D.H is in person are present. NBW returned unserved. Advocate for D.H filed statement, order passed on it, Issue process through NKIA. Issue warrant of arrest of J.D through PS NKIA. Put upto 08.09.2026 for compliance.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Service
4 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 107/2022
Saleem Khan S/o Waheed Khan VS Zubair Ahmed & others   Moin Babar(ADVO-17937-SBC-KHC)  

C.A Called. Advocate for appellant is present. Process returned and kept on record. Repeat process by way of pasting against the Res No.2 & 3 and repeat process against the other respondent No.1 on address mentioned in the statement. Case Put off to 16.09.2026 for further Hg on above application/service.

5 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 222/2022
Syed Nadeem S/o Ealhi Bux VS Fatima Ahmed D/o Ibtisamuddin Ahmed   Zahid Hussain(ADVO-4065-SBC-KHS)   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-SHK)

C.A Called. None is present from appellant nor his advocate. Process not Issued. Put up to 21.09.2026 for service. Issue process through the bailiff as last chance.

6 C.M.A. (Civil Misc. Appeals) 8/2022
Muhammad Adil S/O Muhammad Ashraf VS Mumtaz S/O Not Known   Muhammad Akram(ADVO-4594-SBC-KHS),Muhammad Ali Akram (ADVO-19090-SBC-KHS)   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)

Work suspended by KBA. Associate of advocate for the appellant is present. Process not issued. Repeat process. Put upto 28.09.2026 for service.

7 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 131/2024
Muhammad AslamS/o. Shado Khan VS NADRA & others   Shoukat Ali(ADVO-13351-SBC-KHS)  

C.A Called. Advocate for appellant is present. Respondent No.5 is absent. None is present from other respondents side. Process not issued. Case put off to 21.09.2026 for objections Res NO.1 & 2 as last chance/ service upon the other respondents.

CIVIL JURISDICTION Advocate to be Heard
8 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 31/2025
Shahbaz S/o Ghulam Mustafa VS Majid Khan S/o Younus Khan   Muhammad Umair (ADVO-19456-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended by KBA. Matter is disposed of. Advocate for applicant/intervenor is present. Put upto 21.09.2026 for advocate to be heard on application u/s 12(2) r/w section 47 & 151 CPC.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Service
9 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 129/2025
Syed Sohail Ahmed Jaffery VS Muhammad Ali Tahir   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-MLR)  

Work suspended by KBA. None is present from appellant side. Process not issued. Required court fee not submit as yet. Put up to 21.09.2026 for service by bailiff,AD,Courier/compliance.

10 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 154/2025
Muhammad Anees VS Waqas Ahmed   Syed Zainuddin(ADVO-19076-SBC-KHE)  

C.A Called. Advocate for appellant and Resp No.1 & 2 are presents. Process returned unserved, order passed on it, issue process through parokar. Put up to 16.09.2026 for service Res No.3 to 4/obj Res No.1, 2

11 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 153/2025
SyedAhmed Hameed VS Mst. Iqbal-un-Nisa Begum   Syed Saeed Hasan Zaidi(ADVO-1549HLC-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Process not issued. Issue process by way of pasting in presence of two witnesses. Put up to 21.09.2026 for service.

CIVIL JURISDICTION Supply of Copies
12 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 139/2025
Muhammad Qutubul Arfeen S/O Moizuddin VS Muhammad Younus Qureshi S/O Muhammad Haroon   Mohammad Qutubuzzaman(ADVO-4375-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant and respondent are present. Advocate for applicant provide copy of memo of revision. Put up on 19.09.2026 for objection.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Service
13 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 141/2025
Abdul Ghaffar & others VS Mst. Raeesa Begum & others   Muhammad Abrar Khan(ADVO-5682-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant is present. Advocate for respondents filed statement/no objection, order passed on it, file. Put of to 07.09.2026 for SOC for Respondent No.1/hearing.

14 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 24/2026
Muhammad Yasim Kerya VS Muhammad Aslam   Irfan Ahmed(ADVO-8974-SBC-KHS)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for the appellant is present. Notice not issued. Repeat notice to respondent through bailiff. Put of to 21.09.2026 for service.

15 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 16/2026
Muhammad Ayaz Tariq VS Nadeemuddin S/O Haji Ala uddin and others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent no. 1 are present. Process returned and kept on record. Issue process to the remaining respondents by way of pasting. Put upto 16.09.2026 for supply of copy to respondent no.1 and service upon the remaining respondents.

16 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 29/2026
Aqib John VS Majid Khan & Others   Muhammad Nizar(ADVO-10921-SBC-KHW)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Process not issued. Issue notice to the respondents by bailiff. Put upto 21.09.2026 for service.

17 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 70/2026
Wamiq Muhammad Yousuf VS Mrs. Shehnaz Ashraf   Babar Ali(ADVO-24091-SBC-KHE),Syed Muhammad Abdul Kabir(ADVO-18603-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant is present. Process returned, order passed on it. Mr Mairaj Mustafa advocate filed undertaking on behalf of respondent, order passed on it, file. Advocate for applicant is directed to provide the copy of memo of revision to the respondent. Put upto 16.09.2026 for supply of copy to respondent as well as filling vakalatnama on behalf of respondent.

18 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 190/2026
Mst. Nasira Iqbal VS Muhammad Shahid & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Process not issued. Issue notice to the respondents by bailiff. Put upto 21.09.2026 for service.

19 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 80/2026
Mst. Shahnaz Rafat & Others VS KDA & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant is present. Mr Muhammad Hanif Ansari advocate filed memo of appearance on behalf of respondent no. 1 and 2, order passed on it, file. Copy received. Process returned unserved from trial Court, order passed on it, Repeat process through trial Court. Put upto 03.09.2026 for service upon respondent no.3 and objection for respondent no.1 and 2.

CIVIL JURISDICTION Advocate to be Heard
20 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 100/2026
Mst. Khalida VS Mst. Gulshan Ara & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. None is present from applicant nor her advocate. Put upto 18.09.2026 for advocate to be heard/further hearing.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Service
21 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 215/2026
Nasir Ahmed Siddiqui & Another VS Mst. Fakhra Ahmed & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI),Zamin Ali (ADVO-20801-SBC-KHS)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Process returned unserved, order passed on it, Issue process through parokar to the respondents by bailiff, TCS and reg A/D. Put upto 21.09.2026 for service.

CIVIL JURISDICTION Advocate to be Heard
22 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 108/2026
M/S Meezan Bank Limited VS Mst. Ayat Fatima   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Put upto 20.08.2026 for advocate to be heard.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Service
23 C.M.A. (Civil Misc. Appeals) 58/2026
Faisal Akram VS Muhammad Noor Iqbal & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI),Imtiaz Ali Shah(ADVO-16001-SBC-KHS)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent no. 2 are present. Mr Muhammad Hanif Ansari advocate filed memo of appearance on behalf of respondent no.3, order passed on it, file. Process returned and kept on record. Issue notice to the remaining respondents by bailiff, TCS and reg A/D. Put upto 19.09.2026 for supply of copy to respondent no. 2 and 3 and service upon the remaining respondents. Advocate for appellant is directed to provide the copy of memo of CMA to the respondent no. 2 and 3.

24 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 248/2026
Muhammad Afzal Khan VS Mst. Rashma Jabeen & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present and submit courior receipts. Process returned, order passed on it, issue process by way of pasting. Put upto 03.09.2026 for service.

CIVIL JURISDICTION Advocate to be Heard
25 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 116/2026
Muhammad Afzal Khan VS Mst. Rashma Jabeen & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. None is present from applicant nor his advocate. Put upto 11.09.2026 for advocate to be heard.

26 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 115/2026
Samina Naz VS Mst. Rashma Jabeen & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. None is present from applicant nor her advocate. Put upto 11.09.2026 for advocate to be heard.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For W/S/Objections/C.A.
27 S. Ex. (Summary Executions) 8/2025
Mst. Sarwat Tarannum W/o Syed Hussain VS Ateeq Ahmed Khan & Sohail Ahmed Khan   Khalid Rahim(ADVO-9042-SBC-MLR)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for D.H and J.D are present. Put upto 12.09.2026 for objection as last and final chance.

28 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 178/2025
Salamat S/o. Pareeta VS Ghulam Jilani S/o. Mubarak Din   Muhammad Iqbal Haider(ADVO-12894-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended of KBA. Advocate for the appellant and respondent are present. Put of to 17.09.2026 for objections/filing of CA on application U/S 151 CPC filed by the respondent.

29 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 21/2026
Muhammad Noman Zakir VS Muhammad Nadeem & Others   Liaquat Ali(ADVO-4166HLC-SBC-KHS)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant and respondent are present. Put upto 21.09.2026 for objection as last and final chance.

30 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 50/2026
Israr Ahmed Khan & Another VS Masood Ahmed Khan & others   Jamil Ahmed Ghazali(ADVO-18963-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant, respondent no. 1,2 to 8 are present. Advocate for applicant filed statement, order passed on it, file. Advocate for applicant filed amended title, order passed on it, file. Advocate for respondent no. 1 is present. Put upto 16.09.2026 for filling vakalatnama on behalf of respondent no. 2 to 8 and objection and objection for respondent no.1 as last and final chance.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Evidence
31 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 144/2023
Abdul Wahid S/o Muhammad Shafi through lrs Shoaib Wahid VS Shamsher Ali S/o Bholan Mistari & others   Sohail Saeed(ADVO-6440-SBC-KHC)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. None is present from respondents side. Case put off to 21.09.2026 for arguments. Call R & P.

32 Summary Suits 145/2024
Muhammad Rizwan S/o Karam Khan VS Ghulam Zahid S/o Muhamamd Ismail     ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for plaintiff and defendant are present. Put upto 19.09.2026 for further plaintiff evidence.

33 Summary Suits 69/2025
Mst Hina VS Abdul Qayoom     ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI),Sajad Hussain(ADVO-50006-SBC-MLR),Umair(ADVO-52597-SBC-HYD)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for plaintiff and defendant are present. Plaintiff is present in person. Put upto 16.09.2026 for plaintiff evidence.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Hearing of Applications
34 Mental Health 21/2024
Mst. Lubna Moiz D/O Muhammad Moizuddin VS Mst. Syeda Rehmat Un Nisa   Shoaib Hasan(ADVO-21157-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for applicant is absent. Call NADRA report of disable person. Put up to 18.09.2026 for compliance/hearing/order.

35 C.M.A. (Civil Misc. Appeals) 2/2025
Mst. Razia Begum VS Mst. Shahnaz   Falak Sher Khan(ADVO-9233-SBC-KHW)  

C.M.A Called. Appellant advocate is present and filed application for extension of stay. order passed on it, stay to continue. Advocate for respondent is present. Put of to 31.08.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments.

36 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 80/2025
Muhammad Shakeel S/O Faqeer Muhammad VS Mst. Mubeena Tahir Wd/o Syed Hussain and others   Mohammad Asghar Qureshi(ADVO-7715-SBC-KHC)   Ali Haider Kamran(ADVO-6942-SBC-KHC),Lubna Ashfaq Abbasi(ADVO-10807-SBC-MLR)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant is present. Advocate for respondent no.2,4,5 are also present. None is present from respondent No.1 & 3. Put of to 12.09.2026 for filing of objections by the respondent No.1 & 3/hearing.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Arguments
37 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 8/2023
Athar Jalil Qureshi S/o Zaheer Uddin VS City District Govt & others   Imamuddin(ADVO-11489-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Counsel for the appellant and respondent are present. Case is adjourned to 02.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments as last and final chance. Call R & P.

38 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 194/2024
Fayyaz Ahmed VS Abdul Majeed through lrs Mst. Tanzeem Begum & others   Islamuddin(ADVO-4054-SBC-KHC)   Syed Mukhtar Hussain(ADVO-7962-SBC-KHS)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent no. 1 are present. None is present from respondent no. 2. Put upto 21.09.2026 for arguments as last and final chance. Call R & P.

39 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 165/2024
Yasir Ejaz S/O Ejaz Mehmood Khan VS Ahsan Mobin S/O Muhammad Mobin   Muhammad Musa Iqbal Siddiqui(ADVO-16296-SBC-KHC),Waheed Hussain (ADVO-16199-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant present and filed contempt of Court proceeding against contemnor, order passed on it, Issue letter of reminder to the concerned Court. Call report from Nazir/COC. Matter adj to 29.08.2026 at 11:30 am for arguments as last and final chance of respondent side. Call R & P.

40 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 308/2024
Mst. Farah Naz D/o Fareed Ahmed VS S.M. Shahid S/o Umer Ali Shah   Waqas(ADVO-21138-SBC-KHW)  

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent are present. Put upto 21.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments as last and final chance. Call R & P.

41 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 321/2024
Muhammad Hanif VS Mst. Zainab through her lrs & others   Nadeem(ADVO-11922-SBC-KHS)   Abdul Khalil Brohi(ADVO-19721-SBC-MLR)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent no. 2 and 7 are present. Advocate for appellant filed an application for extention of status quo, order passed on it, stay to continue. Advocate for respondent no. 1 to 6 present. Put upto 09.09.2026 at 09:30 am for further arguments as last and final chance.

42 C.A. (Civil Appeals) 322/2024
Muhammad Akhtar Moti Wala VS Mst. Zainab through her lrs & others   Nadeem(ADVO-11922-SBC-KHS)   Abdul Khalil Brohi(ADVO-19721-SBC-MLR)

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for appellant and respondent no. 2 and 7 are present. Advocate for appellant filed an application for extention of status quo, order passed on it, stay to continue. Advocate for respondent no. 1 to 6 present. Put upto 09.09.2026 at 09:30 am for further arguments as last and final chance.

43 F.R.A. (First Rent Appeals (F.R.A.)) 37/2025
Muhammad Umar Ahmed VS M/s Reign Nutro Pharma   Aftab Hussain(ADVO-25384-SBC-KHE),Aqeel Hassan(ADVO-14023-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Both advocates are present. Put up to 16.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments as last and final chance. Call R & P.

44 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 88/2025
Yousuf Master VS Sabiha Fatima & other     ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)

C.Rev Called. Advocate for applicant and respondent no. 2 and 5 are present. None is present from remaining respondents. Heard arguments. Order passed on separate sheet. Civil Revision is disposed off.

CIVIL JURISDICTION For Orders
45 C.Rev. (Civil Revisions) 85/2026
Mst. Shabnam Parveen VS Syed Muhammad Waseemullah & Others   ADVOCATE NOT ENGAGE(ADVO-006-SBC-KHI)  

C.Rev Called. Advocate for applicant is present. Admit, Register the Case. Issue notice to the respondents by bailiff, TCS and reg A/D. Put upto 19.09.2026 for service.

FAMILY JURISDICTION

S.NO. CASE NO NAME OF PARTIES ADVOCATES UNDER SECTIONS, ACTS Hearing Status
Party Side 1 Party Side 2
FAMILY JURISDICTION For Service
1 F.A. (Family Appeals) 79/2025 Talha Aftab S/O Aftab Ahmed VS Mst. Dania Talha W/O Talha Aftab   Muhammad Amir Shabeer(ADVO-20984-SBC-MLR)   Family Appeal-Section 14 of Family Court Act

F.A Called. Advocate for appellant is present. None is present from respondent no.1 side. Publication newspaper received, order passed on it, file. Order passed on separate sheet. Service upon the respondent no.1 is held good. Put of to 21.09.2026 for objection.

FAMILY JURISDICTION For Arguments
2 F.A. (Family Appeals) 85/2024 Muhammad Adeel S/O Iqbal Ahmed Alvi VS Sidratul Munteha Siddiqui   Ahteshamullah Khan(ADVO-7100-SBC-KHE)  

Work suspended by KBA. Counsel for the respondent is present. Mr Muhammad Aneeque filed vakalatnama on behalf of respondent, order passed on it, file. Put up to 02.09.2026 at 10:00 am for Arguments/ hearing on application for vacation of stay.

3 G.W. A. (G&W Appeals) 11/2025 Mst. Umm-e-Aiman VS Hafiz Ibad Jabbar   Muhammad Asif(ADVO-20648-SBC-KHI)  

Work suspended by KBA. Appellant counsel is present. Respondent counsel is also present. Put up to 19.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments. Call R & P.

4 G.W. A. (G&W Appeals) 42/2025 Mst. Zehra Shamsi VS Umair Bham   Meezan Ali(ADVO-22193-SBC-KHS)   Maria Tahir (ADVO-19935-SBC-KHE) The Guardian and Wards Act, 1890-U/S 47 (Guardian Appeal )

Work suspended by KBA. Counsel for the appellant is present. Advocate for respondent filed an application for adjournment, order passed on it, adjournment allowed in the interest of justice. Put up to 16.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments. Call R & P.

FAMILY JURISDICTION For Arguments
5 F.A. (Family Appeals) 33/2025 Mst. Umm-e-Aiman VS Hafiz Ibad Jabbar   Muhammad Asif(ADVO-20648-SBC-KHI)   Family Appeal-Section 14 of Family Court Act

Work suspended by KBA. Appellant counsel is present. Respondent counsel is also present. Put up to 19.09.2026 at 10:00 am for arguments. Call R & P.

6 F.A. (Family Appeals) 70/2025 Mst. Amina Gul D/O Razim Shah VS Ubaid Shah S/O Siraj Ul Haq   Aisha Khatoon(ADVO-13534-SBC-KHC)   Family Appeal-Section 14 of Family Court Act

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for the appellant is present. Matter is adjourned to 23.09.2026 for arguments. Call R & P.

FAMILY JURISDICTION Succession Miscellaneous Applications
7 S.M.A. (S.M.A) 10/2025 Safia Siddiqui Wd/o Moin Uddin Siddiqui(Petitioner) VS Moinuddin Siddiqui S/o Qazi Mohiuddin(Deceased)   Aamir Sohail(ADVO-647-SBC-SGR)   SUCCESSION ACT 1925-278

Work suspended by KBA. Advocate for the petitioner is present. Advocate for objector /legal heir no. 4 present. Call verification report of death certificate of deceased from union council. Put upto 18.09.2026 for compliance.

8 S.M.A. (S.M.A) 239/2026 Najam ul Huda S/O Shams uz Zuha VS Public at large   Syed Mansoor Ahmed(ADVO-4711-SBC-KHC)   SUCCESSION ACT 1925-278

SMA Called. Advocate for the petitioner is present. Inquiry report regarding the legal heirs of deceased from concerned police station received, order passed on it, file. Heard, order passed on separate sheet. SMA is disposed off.

9 S.M.A. (S.M.A) 244/2026 Salahuddin S/O Badruddin VS Public at large   Zulfiqar Ahmed(ADVO-7304-SBC-KHS)   SUCCESSION ACT 1925-278

SMA Called. Counsel for the petitioner is present. Petitioner and legal heirs and both witnesses are present and examined. Heard arguments on application u/s 151 CPC, order passed on it, let the order be passed on separate sheet. Call remaining reports from concerned dept. Put up on 11.09.2026 for compliance and appearance through video link.